Iran and Israel have been enemies for many decades. Both countries have been indirectly attacking each other for many years. However, recently, the attacks from both countries have been moving towards direct confrontations. At this time when Iran and Israel are exchanging attacks, it’s important to look at the military capabilities of both countries.
Number of Military Personnel:
According to The Military Balance 2023 published by the UK’s International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), Iran has 610,000 military personnel in its armed forces. Of these, 350,000 are in Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. There are 18,000 naval personnel and 37,000 air force personnel. Additionally, there are 15,000 personnel in air defense. There are also 350,000 registered as reserve forces. Every Iranian man over 18 is required to serve in the military, with few exceptions.
Israel’s armed forces have 169,500 active personnel. This includes 126,000 in the army, 9,500 in the navy, and 34,000 in the air force. There are 465,000 reserve personnel. Israel also requires military service for men and women over 18, with few exceptions.
Military Expenditure:
According to statistics released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) in April 2024, Iran spent $10.3 billion on military expenditure in 2023, a 0.6% increase from the previous year. Israel spent $27.5 billion in 2024, a 24% increase from the previous year. One reason for Israel’s increased military spending is its aggressive attacks on Gaza’s civilians that began on October 7, 2023.
Land Military Vehicles:
According to The Military Balance 2023, Iran’s military has 10,513 battle tanks, 6,789 long-range artillery guns, and 640 armored personnel carriers. They also have 50 helicopters in the military, with the Revolutionary Guards having an additional 5 helicopters. In contrast, Israel’s military has about 400 400 battle tanks, 530 artillery guns, and 1,190 armored personnel carriers.
Air Force:
Iran’s military has 312 military aircraft, with the Revolutionary Guards having an additional 23 aircraft. The air force has two attack helicopters, while the Revolutionary Guards have five more. Israel’s military has 345 combat aircraft and 43 attack helicopters.
Navy:
Iran’s military has 17 tactical submarines, 68 coastal guard and small military boats, 11 landing craft, and 18 additional boats for various purposes. Israel’s military has five submarines and 49 coastal guard vessels.
Air Defense Systems:
Israel relies on its Iron Dome system for air defense. This system detects and intercepts missiles and drones targeting Israel. Iran recently began using an infrared air defense system called Azarakhsh, which can can shoot down low-flying drones, helicopters, and aircraft. Iran also uses various other air defense systems including S-300, Bavar-373, and others.
Ballistic Missiles:
According to a U.S. study, Iran has 12 types of missiles, including ones that can travel up to 2,000 km. Israel has at least four types of missiles, including ones that can travel between 4,800 and 6,500 km.
Nuclear Capability:
Israel is believed to have about 90 nuclear weapons, according to the U.S. Arms Control Association. Iran is not believed to have nuclear weapons but operates nuclear facilities and research centers under its nuclear program.
